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Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles are a new type of semiconductor nanomaterials used in many applications. Studies have shown that cadmium sulfide nanoparticles have toxic effects on the reproductive system， liver， and kidney of the body， and the toxicities are affected by various factors. This paper summarized the current research on the toxicity of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles at home and abroad， and reviewed the latest research progress on the mechanisms of its toxic effects and influencing factors.
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Bioactive glass (BG) has been widely used in bone tissue engineering due to its good osteogenic property and bioactivity, but it still has some deficiencies, such as poor cell adhesion and low osteogenic rate and so on. Mesoporous biological glass (MBG) is a kind of new material originated from BG and mesoporous silica (MS). Because of its large number of nano-channel, large specific surface area, easy degradation, good biocompatibility and biological activity, MBG has great application prospects in the field of bone tissue engineering. This review would present MBG preparation and experimental research in order to provide the theoretical basis and experimental reference for related researches.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associated factors in Changsha county of Hunan province. Methods Using a stratified, multistage sampling, 1950 residents (older than 20 years old) from 3 towns of Changsha county were randomly selected to be interviewed and tested for the kidney damage indicators and the associated factors with CKD. Results Eligible data of 1727 subjects were enrolled in the study. After the adjustment of age and gender compenent, the prevalence of albuminuria was 8.5%, hematuria 5.1%, and reduced eGFR 1.5%. Approximately 14.6% subjects had at least one indicator of kidney damage, and the awareness rate was 16.5%. Age, hypercholesteremia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and diabetes were independently correlated with albuminuria. Female, age, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperuricemia were independently correlated with reduced renal function. Female was independently correlated with hematuria. Conclusions The prevalence of chronic kidney disease is 14.6% and the awareness rate is 16.5% in suburban adult population of the central south area of China. The spectrum and correlated factors of CKD in this county undergoing fast economic development are close to those of Guangzhou and developed countries.
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Objective To study the seasonal characteristics of cholera, Hepatitis A, bacillary dysentery, kidney syndrome hemorrhagic fever (HFRS), and epidemic encephalitis B and rabies in Nanchang from 1998 to 2007. Methods The seasonal characteristics and the peak morbidity time distribution were analyzed respectively by the Concentration degree analysis and the Circular distribution. Results In terms of seasonal characteristics, cholera was strictly and epidemic encephalitis B stronly distributed, while bacillary dysentery had some indicdtions and Hepatitis A and HFRS were not obvious. All the above diseases had their peaks: cholera on August 3, and epidemic encephalitis B on July 8.95% of credible time zones were from June 12 to August 24 and April 24 to September 21 respectively. Conclusions Hygienic publisizing and disease surveillance should be strengthened, especially during morbidity peak time.
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In order to investigate the angiogenic effect of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), two parts of experiment were performed. Chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay was used for in vivo angiogenic research. The chick embryos were divided into 4 groups: ICAM-1 group (divided into 3 subgroups, I, II and III) for screening the angiogenic effect of ICAM-1 by adding different concentrations of ICAM-1 (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 microg/microL) 5 microL into the chick embryo CAMs on the day 10 after incubation for every subgroup; Anti-ICAM-1 group A (divided into 2 subgroups, I and II) by adding different concentrations of Anti-ICAM-1 (1:100, 1:50) 5 microL into the chick embryo CAMs on the day 10 after incubation for every subgroup to evaluate the effect of ICAM-1 on the survival of microvessels through observing whether Anti-ICAM-1 could induce involution of the microvessels on CAMs; Anti-ICAM-1 group B (divided into 2 subgroups, I and II) by adding different concentrations of Anti-ICAM-1 (1:100, 1:50) 5 microL into the chick embryo CAMs on the day 6 after incubation for every subgroup to evaluate whether ICAM-1 involved in embryonic angiogenesis through observing the growth of microvessels on CAMs; Control group: ICAM-1 or Anti-ICAM-1 was substituted by PBS 5 muL on the day 10 or day 6 after incubation. Three days later, the CAMs were photographed in vivo, excised, sectioned and the number of microvessels was counted. In ICAM-1 group, there was increased number of microvessels arranged radially with "spoked-wheel" pattern around the gelatin sponges. The new microvessels growing perpendicularly to gelatin sponges were observed. The number of the microvessels growing in the CAM mesenchymes around the sponges in 3 subgroups was higher than that in control group (P0.05). In anti-ICAM-1 group A, the radially arranged microvessels were very unclear around the sponges contrast to that of ICAM-1 group. Few new microvessels were detected in the center of the sponges. The number of the microvessels growing in the CAM mesenchymes around the sponges in subgroup II was lower than that in control group (P0.05). In anti-ICAM-1 group B, the radially arranged microvessels were very unclear around the sponges contrast to that of control group. New microvessels were very scarce in the center of the sponges. The number of the microvessels growing in the CAM mesenchymes around the sponges in the 2 subgroups were less than that in control group (P<0.01), and there was significant difference between the 2 subgroups (P<0.05). It was suggested that ICAM-1 could induce angiogenesis and support the survival of microvessels, and ICAM-1 was involved in embryonic angiogenesis.
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In order to investigate the angiogenic effect of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), two parts of experiment were performed. Chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay was used for in vivo angiogenic research. The chick embryos were divided into 4 groups: ICAM-1 group (divided into 3 subgroups, Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ) for screening the angiogenic effect of ICAM-1 by adding different concentrations of ICAM-1 (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 μg/μL) 5 μL into the chick embryo CAMs on the day 10 after incubation for every subgroup; Anti-ICAM-1 group A (divided into 2 subgroups, Ⅰ and Ⅱ) by adding different concentrations of Anti-ICAM-1 (1:100, 1:50) 5 μL into the chick embryo CAMs on the day 10 after incubation for every subgroup to evaluate the effect of ICAM-1 on the survival of microvessels through observing whether Anti-ICAM-1 could induce involution of the microvessels on CAMs; Anti-ICAM-1 group B (divided into 2 subgroups, Ⅰ and Ⅱ ) by adding different concentrations of Anti-ICAM-1 (1:100, 1:50) 5 μL into the chick embryo CAMs on the day 6 after incubation for every subgroup to evaluate whether ICAM-1 involved in embryonic angiogenesis through observing the growth of microvessels on CAMs; Control group: ICAM-1 or Anti-ICAM-1 was substituted by PBS 5 μL on the day 10 or day 6 after incubation. Three days later, the CAMs were photographed in vivo, excised, sectioned and the number of microvessels was counted. In ICAM-1 group, there was increased number of microvessels arranged radially with "spoked-wheel" pattern around the gelatin sponges. The new microvessels growing perpendicularly to gelatin sponges were observed. The number of the microvessels growing in the CAM mesenchymes around the sponges in 3 subgroups was higher than that in control group (P＜0.01), however, there was no significant difference among the 3 subgroups (P＞0.05). In anti-ICAM-1 group A, the radially arranged microvessels were very unclear around the sponges contrast to that of ICAM-1 group. Few new microvessels were detected in the center of the sponges. The number of the microvessels growing in the CAM mesenchymes around the sponges in subgroup Ⅱ was lower than that in control group (P＜0.01). There was no significant difference in the number of the microvessels around the sponges between subgroup Ⅰ and control group (P＞0.05). In anti-ICAM-1 group B, the radially arranged microvessels were very unclear around the sponges contrast to that of control group. New microvessels were very scarce in the center of the sponges. The number of the microvessels growing in the CAM mesenchymes around the sponges in the 2 subgroups were less than that in control group (P＜0.01), and there was significant difference between the 2 subgroups (P＜0.05). It was suggested that ICAM-1 could induce angiogenesis and support the survival of microvessels, and ICAM-1 was involved in embryonic angiogenesis.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish rat C6 brain-tumor models and find a simple reliable index to judge tumor volume.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>C6 cell suspension (10 microl) containing 10 g/L agarose and 1 x 10(6) cells was injected into the right caudate nucleus of the rat brain by a stereotaxic method. After implantation, rats were observed and given MRI scans. Rats were perfused with paraformaldehyde trans-aorta at the 10th, 15th, 20th and 25th day and before natural death. All brains, lungs, spinal cords and tumors were sectioned and inspected. Tumor-containing samples were prepared histologically by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stains.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fifty implanted rats had 100% yield of intracerebral growth, with distant metastasis of 0% to 4%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A rat C6 brain-tumor model was successfully established. Rat survival time is correlated with tumor volume and may be useful as an index of tumor size.</p>
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Animals , Rats , Brain Neoplasms , Pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Glioma , Pathology , Magnetic Resonance ImagingABSTRACT
Aim To explore the change of mGluR1α and mGluR5 expression in brain CA1 region after infrasonic action, and the role of antagonist MCPG in rats. Methods 160 SD rats were divided randomly into infrasonic damage group and MCPG therapy group. The two groups were subdivided into control group and 1-time, 7-time and 14-time groups respectively. Rats were exposed to 8Hz, 130dB infrasound two hours each time. Expression of mGluR1α and mGluR5 were detected by immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization methods. The morphological changes of neurons after MCPG therapy were observed under microscopes. Results Comparing with the control group, the number and the A value of mGluR1α and mGluR5 positive cells changed after one infrasonic action(P∨ 0.05); and the expression of mGluR1α and mGluR5 in the 7-time group were most obvious(P∨ 0.01); in the 14-time group, they recovered already to normal level. Morphological study confirmed that MCPG protected neurons from infrasonic damage. Conclusion Change of mGluR1α and mGluR5 activity can mediate exciting neurotoxicity after infrasonic action, and it is one of the major factors relative to neurons injury, MCPG had an protective effect on brain damage caused by infrasound.
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To explore the molecular pathological mechanism of severe brain injury, the brain diffuse axon injury (DAI) model and Mamarou free drop model were produced in rats. Sagittal sections of the brain were processed by immunohistochemical ABC method using the mouse serum against NF68 subunit and HSP70. The medulla oblongata was observed under the microscope and electron microscope. Left parietal lobe of the free drop model was examined with HE and HSP70 immunohistochemistry. At 30 min post injury, the axons in medulla oblongata were seen to be crooked, swollen,and deranged. The myelin sheath became slightly separated, and the NFs in axoplasma were abnormal . At 2~24 h post injury,obvious axonal swelling, disconnection and formation of axonal retraction balls were seen. Obvious separation of myelin sheaths, local disconnection, vacuolization,peripheral aggregation of mitochondria and partial dissolution of axoplasma were seen. The NF68 positive axons increased gradually in staining intensity. HSP 70 positive cells of the two groups were detected at 3h after brain injury, reached the peak at 24h, and decreased at 72h. The HSP expression of the two groups were in accord. The research indicated that DAI could lead to a derangement in structure of NFs. Ischemia and anoxia may aggravate the brain injury.
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Rat C6 glioma cells were cultured in vitro,and 10?L C6 cell suspension containing 10g/L agarose and 1?10 6 C6 cells was injected into the right caudate nucleus of rat brains to establish a rat brain tumor model by directional implantation method.General observation and MRI scan were conducted after implantation.Trans aorta paraformaldehyde perfusion for 5 group rats having received implantation was carried out at 10,15,20,25,days and before natural death.The tumor containing samples were prepared histologically by hematoxylin and eosin stains.MRI scan showed that intracerebral growth occurred in 50 implanted rats,with a distant metastasis of 4%.The results indicated that tumor globular intracerebral growth occurred and extracranial growth extension was scarce after implantation.The model was very stable and the implanted rat survival duration is easily determined. The experiment lays the foundation for chemotherapy,radiotherapy and gene therapy of the glioma.
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Tenascin and CD34 expression in 35 cases of human glioma with different degrees of malignancy were studied by immunohistochemistry and hybridization in situ,and their correlation analysis was conducted based on their postoperative follow up results. The expression of tenascin and microvessel density (MVD) varied with the degree of tumor cell differentiation,the higher tumor grade was,the higher tenascin expression or mvd amount was.The expression of tenascin was closely associated with angiogenesis( P